Physiotherapy role in depression:

One of the biggest things a physical therapist can do for their patients is to be aware of the signs and symptoms of depression and some of the common disorders associated with depression. If the therapist is sensitive to the signs and symptoms of depression they can document it in the plan of care and then notify the physician so the patient can get the appropriate medical treatment, if necessary. Also, because patients with depression may be emotionally unstable, recognizing the signs and symptoms of depression can help you in approaching different situations and then redirecting the patient toward other activities, instructions or more positive topics of conversation.

Exercise has been shown to benefit patients with mild to moderate mood disorders, especially anxiety and depression. When performing aerobic exercise your body releases endorphins from the pituitary gland which are responsible for relieving pain and improving mood. These endorphins can also lower cortisol levels which have been shown to be elevated in patients with depression. Additionally, exercise increases the sensitivity of serotonin in the same way antidepressants work, allowing for more serotonin to remain in the nerve synapse. Exercise can be aerobic or resistive in nature, as both have been shown to be beneficial in a variety of patient types. Anyone with depression can participate in an exercise program no matter how old or young they are, as long as proper supervision is provided. Exercise is an excellent option for treatment when taking anti-depressants is not an option due to their side effects. Depression symptoms can be decreased significantly after just one session but the effects are temporary. An exercise program must be continued on a daily basis to see continued effects. As a person continues to exercise they may experiences changes in their body type which can help to improve self esteem and body image issues they may have been having. Some other benefits of regular physical exercise include:

• reduces/prevents functional declines associated with aging
• maintains/improves cardiovascular function
• aids in weight loss and weight control
• improves function of hormonal, metabolic, neurologic, respiratory, and hemodynamic systems
• alteration of carbohydrate/lipid metabolism results in favorable increase in high-density lipoproteins
• strength training helps to maintain muscle mass and strength
• reduces age-related bone loss; reduction in risk for osteoporosis
• improves flexibility, postural stability, and balance; reduction in risk of falling and associated injuries
• psychological benefits (preserves cognitive function, alleviates symptoms/behaviors of depression, improves self awareness, promotes sense of well-being)
• reduces disease risk factors
• improves functional capacity
• improves immune function
• reduces age-related insulin resistance
• reduces incidence of some cancers
• contributes to social integration
• improves sleep pattern